Embonini yezimayini ngekhulu lama-21, akukho ukuphikisana ukuthi kuyadingeka ukwakha imodi entsha ehlakaniphile ukuze kutholakale idijithali yezinsiza kanye nemvelo yezimayini, ubuhlakani bemishini yobuchwepheshe, ukubonwa kokulawulwa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza, ukuxhumana kokudluliselwa kolwazi. , kanye nokuphathwa kokukhiqizwa kwesayensi nokwenza izinqumo.Ubuhlakani futhi sebuphenduke indlela engenakugwenywa yokuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimayini.
Njengamanje, izimayini ezifuywayo zisesigabeni soguquko ukusuka ku-automation ukuya kobuhlakani, futhi izimayini ezinhle kakhulu ziyizibonelo ezinhle zentuthuko!Namuhla, ake sibheke ezinye zezimayini ezinhle kakhulu ezihlakaniphile futhi sishintshisane futhi sifunde nawe.
1. Imayini ye-Iron Ore yaseKiruna, eSweden
I-Kiruna Iron Mine itholakala enyakatho yeSweden, amakhilomitha angama-200 ukushona e-Arctic Circle, futhi ingesinye sezisekelo zamaminerali eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iKiruna Iron Mine iyimayini enkulu kunazo zonke engaphansi komhlaba futhi iyimayini yensimbi kuphela enkulu kakhulu exhashazwa eYurophu.
Imayini ye-Iron yaseKiruna ibone ngokuyisisekelo izimayini ezihlakaniphile ezingenamuntu.Ngaphezu kwabasebenzi besondlo endaweni esebenza ngaphansi komhlaba, cishe abekho abanye abasebenzi.Cishe yonke imisebenzi iqedwa isistimu yokulawula emaphakathi yekhompiyutha ekude, futhi izinga lokuzenzakalelayo liphezulu kakhulu.
Ubuhlakani beMayini ye-Kiruna Iron ikakhulukazi kusizakala ekusetshenzisweni kwemishini emikhulu, uhlelo oluhlakaniphile lokulawula kude kanye nohlelo lokuphatha lwesimanje.Izinhlelo zezimayini ezizenzakalelayo nezihlakaniphe kakhulu ziwukhiye wokuqinisekisa ukumbiwa kwezimayini okuphephile nokusebenza kahle.
1) Isizinda sokuhlola:
I-Kiruna Iron Mine isebenzisa ukuhlola okuhlangene kwe-shaft+ramp.Kunemigodi emithathu emayini, esetshenziselwa ukufaka umoya, insimbi kanye nokuphakamisa imfucuza.Abasebenzi, okokusebenza kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo zithuthwa kakhulu zisuka kurempu ngempahla engena trackless.Ishaft yokuphakamisa eyinhloko itholakala ngaphansi kodonga lomzimba wensimbi.Kuze kube manje, ubuso bezimayini kanye nesistimu yokuthutha eyinhloko iye yehla izikhathi ezingu-6, futhi izinga lokuthutha eliyinhloko lamanje liyi-1045m.
2) Ukubhoboza nokuqhumisa:
I-rock drilling jumbo isetshenziselwa ukumba umgwaqo, futhi i-jumbo ifakwe ithuluzi lokulinganisa le-elekthronikhi elinezinhlangothi ezintathu, elikwazi ukubona ukuma okunembile kokubhola.I-Simbaw469 remote control drilling jumbo ekhiqizwe yi-Atlas Company eSweden isetshenziselwa ukumba amatshe esitobhini.Iloli lisebenzisa isistimu ye-laser ukuze limise kahle, lingenamuntu, futhi lingasebenza ngokuqhubekayo amahora angama-24.
3) Ukulayisha okude kwe-ore nokuhamba nokuphakamisa:
Emayini ye-Kiruna Iron, ukusebenza okukhaliphile nokuzenzakalelayo kuye kwenziwa ngokumba amatshe, ukulayisha nokuphakamisa esitobhini, kanye nama-jumbos kanye nama-scrapers okubhoboza angenamshayeli.
I-Toro2500E i-remote control scraper ekhiqizwa ngu-Sandvik isetshenziselwa ukulayisha i-ore, ngokusebenza okukodwa kwe-500t/h.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlelo zokuhamba ezingaphansi komhlaba: ezokuthutha ngamabhande kanye nezokuthutha ngojantshi othomathikhi.Izinto zokuhamba ezilandelwayo ezilandelwayo ngokuvamile zakhiwa ama-tramcar angu-8.I-tramcar iyiloli yokulahla phansi okuzenzakalelayo ukuze ilayishe futhi ilayishwe ngokuqhubekayo.Isihambisi sebhande sithutha ngokuzenzakalela insimbi isuka esiteshini sokuchotshozwa iye emshinini wokulinganisa, futhi iqedelela ukulayisha nokulayisha ngokweqa i-shaft.Yonke inqubo ilawulwa ukude.
4) Ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe bokufafaza ukhonkolo okulawula kude nobuchwepheshe bokuqinisa:
Umgwaqo usekelwa ukwesekwa okuhlangene kwe-shotcrete, i-anchorage ne-mesh, eqedwa ngesifutho sikakhonkolo esilawula kude.I-anchor rod kanye ne-mesh reinforcement kufakwa i-trolley ye-anchor rod.
2. Ingoma ka-Rio Tinto ethi "Future Mines"
Uma i-Kiruna Iron Mine imele ukuthuthukiswa okukhaliphile kwezimayini zendabuko, uhlelo lwe-"Future Mine" olwasungulwa yi-Rio Tinto ngo-2008 luzohola indlela yokuthuthukiswa okuhlakaniphile kwezimayini zensimbi esikhathini esizayo.
IPilbara, lena indawo ebomvu ensundu embozwe ukugqwala, futhi iyindawo edume kakhulu yokukhiqiza insimbi yensimbi emhlabeni.I-Rio Tinto iyaziqhenya ngezimayini zayo ezingu-15 lapha.Kodwa kule ndawo enkulukazi yezimayini, ungezwa ukubhonga kwemishini yobunjiniyela, kodwa bambalwa abasebenzi ababonakala.
Baphi abasebenzi baseRio Tinto?Impendulo iqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-1500 ukusuka edolobheni lasePerth.
Esikhungweni sokulawula kude sase-Rio Tinto Pace, isikrini esikhulu neside phezulu sibonisa inqubekelaphambili yenqubo yokuthutha insimbi yensimbi phakathi kwezimayini eziyi-15, amachweba angu-4 kanye nojantshi besitimela abangama-24 - yisiphi isitimela esilayisha (ethula) insimbi, futhi isikhathi eside kangakanani. izothatha ukuqeda ukulayisha (ukukhipha);Isiphi isitimela esihambayo, futhi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukufika ethekwini;Iyiphi imbobo elayishayo, mangaki amathani alayishiwe, njll., wonke anombukiso wesikhathi sangempela.
Ingxenye ye-iron ore yase-Rio Tinto ibisebenzisa uhlelo lwamaloli angashayeli olukhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni.Imikhumbi yezokuthutha ezenzakalelayo ehlanganisa amaloli angu-73 isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezintathu zezimayini ePilbara.Uhlelo lwamaloli oluzishintshayo lwehlise izindleko zokulayisha nezokuthutha zaseRio Tinto ngo-15%.
I-Rio Tinto inojantshi wayo wezitimela kanye nezitimela ezihlakaniphile eNtshonalanga Australia, ezingaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-1700 ubude.Lezi zitimela ezingama-24 zisebenza amahora angama-24 ngosuku ngaphansi kokulawulwa okukude kwesikhungo sokulawula kude.Njengamanje, uhlelo lwesitimela oluzenzakalelayo lwe-Rio Tinto luyalungiswa.Uma uhlelo lwesitimela oluzenzakalelayo seluqale ukusebenza ngokugcwele, luzoba uhlelo lokuqala emhlabeni olushintshashintshayo olugcwele, lwebanga elide lokuthutha isitimela esisindayo.
Lezi zinsimbi zilayishwa emikhunjini ngokuthunyelwa kwesikhungo sokulawula kude futhi zifika e-Zhanjiang, Shanghai nakwezinye izikhumulo zaseChina.Kamuva, ingase ithuthwe iye e-Qingdao, Tangshan, Dalian namanye amachweba, noma isuke echwebeni laseShanghai eduze nomfula iYangtze iye endaweni engasentshonalanga yeChina.
3. Shougang Digital Mine
Sekukonke, ukuhlanganiswa kwezimboni zezimayini nezensimbi (industrialization kanye ne-informatization) kusezingeni eliphansi, ngemuva kakhulu kwezinye izimboni zasekhaya.Kodwa-ke, ngokunaka okuqhubekayo nokwesekwa kombuso, ukuthandwa kwamathuluzi omklamo wedijithali kanye nezinga lokulawulwa kwezinombolo zokugeleza kwenqubo ebalulekile kwamanye amabhizinisi amakhulu naphakathi nendawo ezimayini zasekhaya kuye kwathuthukiswa ngezinga elithile, futhi nezinga ubuhlakani nabo buyanda.
Sithatha uShougang njengesibonelo, uShougang wakhe uhlaka lwezimayini lwedijithali lulonke lwamazinga amane aqondile namabhulokhi amane avundlile, okufanele afundwe kuwo.
Izindawo ezine: uhlelo lwe-GIS yolwazi lwendawo, uhlelo lokukhishwa kokukhiqizwa kwe-MES, uhlelo lokuphathwa kwensiza yebhizinisi le-ERP, uhlelo lolwazi lwe-OA.
Amazinga amane: ukwenziwa kwedijithali kwemishini eyisisekelo, inqubo yokukhiqiza, ukwenziwa kokukhiqiza kanye nohlelo lwezinsiza zebhizinisi.
Izimayini:
(1) Qoqa idatha yedijithali yendawo ye-3D, futhi ugcwalise imephu ye-3D yediphozi yensimbi, indawo engaphezulu neyokwakheka komhlaba.
(2) Uhlelo lokuqapha olushintshashintshayo lwe-GPS lwe-slope lusungulwe ukuze luqaphe umthambeka njalo, ukugwema ngempumelelo ukuwa kungazelelwe, ukudilika kwenhlabathi nezinye izinhlekelele ze-geological.
(3) Uhlelo lokuthumela oluzenzakalelayo lwe-tramcar: yenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuhlelwa kokugeleza kwemoto, lungiselela ukuthunyelwa kwemoto, ukusabalalisa ngokunengqondo ukugeleza kwemoto, futhi uzuze ibanga elifushane lokudonsa kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphansi.Lolu hlelo ngelokuqala eShayina, futhi impumelelo yalo yezobuchwepheshe isifinyelele ezingeni eliphambili lamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukuhlomula:
Uhlelo lokuqapha inqubo ye-Concentrator: qapha cishe amapharamitha enqubo ayi-150 njengamadlebe kagesi omshini wokugaya ibhola, ukuchichima kwe-grader, ukugxila kokugaya, inkambu kazibuthe ye-concentrator, njll., ukusebenza okufika ngesikhathi kokukhiqiza okuyinhloko kanye nezimo zemishini, futhi kuthuthukise ukuhambisana nesikhathi kanye nesayensi yomyalo wokukhiqiza.
4. Izinkinga ezimayini ezihlakaniphile zasekhaya
Njengamanje, amabhizinisi amakhulu asekhaya ezimayini zensimbi asebenzise izinhlelo zokuphatha nokulawula kuzo zonke izici zokuphatha nokulawula, kodwa izinga lokuhlanganisa lisephansi, okuyiphuzu elibalulekile okufanele liphulwe esinyathelweni esilandelayo semboni yezimayini yensimbi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona nezinkinga ezilandelayo:
1. Amabhizinisi awanaki ngokwanele.Ngemuva kokuqaliswa kokuzenzakalelayo okuyisisekelo, ngokuvamile akwanele ukunamathisela ukubaluleka ekwakhiweni kwedijithali kamuva.
2. Ukutshalwa kwezimali okunganele ekudluliseleni ulwazi.Ethonywe izimakethe nezinye izici, amabhizinisi awakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kolwazi okuqhubekayo nokuzinzile, okuholela enqubeni ehamba kancane yephrojekthi yokuhlanganisa yokusungulwa kwezimboni kanye nezimboni.
3. Kukhona ukushoda kwamakhono asekelwe olwazini.Ukwakhiwa kolwazi kuhlanganisa ukuxhumana kwesimanje, ukuzwela kanye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye neminye imikhakha yobungcweti, futhi izidingo zethalente namandla obuchwepheshe zizoba phezulu kakhulu kunalesi sigaba.Njengamanje, amandla obuchwepheshe ezimayini eziningi eShayina anqabile.
Lezi yizimayini ezintathu ezihlakaniphile ezethulwe kuwena.Basemuva ngokuqhathaniswa eShayina, kodwa banamandla amakhulu okuthuthuka.Njengamanje, Imayini Yensimbi yaseSishanling isakhiwa ngobuhlakani, izidingo eziphakeme kanye namazinga aphezulu, futhi sizolinda futhi sibone.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-15-2022